home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
/
Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
/
M
/
Maria_Theresa
/
INFOTEXT
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-09-03
|
1KB
|
36 lines
Empress of Austria from 1740, when she
succeeded her father, the Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VI; her claim to the throne was
challenged and she became embroiled, first in
the War of the Austrian Succession 1740-48,
then in the Seven Years' War 1756-63; she
remained in possession of Austria but lost
Silesia. The rest of her reign was peaceful
and, with her son Joseph II, she introduced
social reforms. She married her cousin
Francis of Lorraine 1736, and on the death of
her father became archduchess of Austria and
queen of Hungary and Bohemia. Her claim was
challenged by Charles of Bavaria, who was
elected emperor 1742, while Frederick of
Prussia occupied Silesia. The War of the
Austrian Succession followed, in which
Austria was allied with Britain, and Prussia
with France; when it ended 1748, Maria
Theresa retained her heritage, except that
Frederick kept Silesia, while her husband had
succeeded Charles as emperor 1745. Intent on
recovering Silesia, she formed an alliance
with France and Russia against Prussia; the
Seven Years' War, which resulted, exhausted
Europe and left the territorial position as
before. After 1763 she pursued a consistently
peaceful policy, concentrating on internal
reforms; although her methods were despotic,
she fostered education, codified the laws,
and abolished torture. She also expelled the
Jesuits. In these measures she was assisted
by her son, Joseph II, who became emperor
1765, and succeeded her in the Habsburg
domains. Mariana Trench